Tutankhamun was a pharaoh of the Egyptian family of eighteen in the history of ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh of Egypt from 1334 to 1325 BC. AD. In the era of the modern state. Tutankhamun is of the most famous pharaohs for reasons not related to the achievements made or won wars, as is the case with a lot of the Pharaohs;, but for other reasons are important from a historical perspective, and most notably is the discovery of his tomb and his treasures in full without any damage. The mystery surrounding the circumstances of his death, as many considered the death of Pharaoh at a very early age is abnormal, especially with the presence of traces of fractures of the thigh bone and skull, and his minister marriage of his widow after his death and the inauguration of the same Pharaoh. Each of these mysterious events, and the heavy use of the legend of the curse of the pharaohs associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun, which have been used in movies and video games made Tutankhamun months of the Pharaohs mysteries and questions have no answer some considered one of the oldest in the history of humanity assassinations. Tutankhamun was 9 years old when he became pharaoh of Egypt and the ancient Egyptian language name means "the living image of the god Amun", a large ancient Egyptian gods. Tutankhamun lived in a transitional period in the history of ancient Egypt where he came after Akhenaten, who tried to unite the gods of ancient Egypt in the form of one God Sunday. It was in his return to the worship of multiple gods of ancient Egypt. His tomb was discovered in 1922 in the Valley of the Kings by British archaeologist Howard Carter. This latest discovery fanfare and extensive in the world.
Assets
Image that took a long time to see the face of Tutankhamun
The origins of Tutankhamun's grandfather King Omnhotپ third who fathered of the major wives Queen تيي his son Amenhotep IV which is known as Akhenaten, married Akhenaten of Queen Nefertiti and his wife was the main addition to the wife secondary called Kia;, which is likely she the mother of Tutankhamun, has announced Supreme Council of Antiquities in April 2010 that, based on DNA tests known acronym (English: DNA) show that Tutankhamun was the son of King Akhenaten.
Tutankhamun became king of Egypt as a child after the death of his brother Smonkh Ka-Ra, He married Essen Ankh Amon.
Tut Ang Amun died in mysterious circumstances and unknown, to govern after him and former minister who married Essen Ankh Amon Tutankhamun's widow.
Reign
During the reign of Tutankhamun began Amarna revolution against the former pharaoh Akhenaten, who moved the capital from Thebes to his new capital sister queens furnace and tried to unify the multiple gods of ancient Egypt, including the god Amun in the form of one god, Aten. In the year 1331 BC. Ie, in the third year of the rule of Tutankhamun, who was 11 years old and under the influence of the minister any lifting of the ban on the worship of the gods.
There is a belief that the death of Tutankhamun was not for reasons satisfactory, but it may be due to the assassination of the minister Khپrkhپro Ra Aye Ptdberha and there is plenty of evidence supplied by the believers in this theory, for example, marriage minister Khپrkhپro Ra any of the widow of Tutankhamun, where he found the seal of Pharaonic named Ai Ankh Sun Amon widow of Tutankhamun, and also there is a letter sent Ankh Essen Amon widow of Tutankhamun, the king of the Hittites ask him to send one of his sons for the purpose of marrying her after the death of her husband and the king of the Hittites to send one of his sons to marry the widow of Tutankhamun Amon but he died before it enters the land of Egypt, and there is a belief that he was assassinated probably masterminded by the Minister Khپrkhپro Ra Aye, who apparently had been planning to seize the throne of Egypt rose up to kill King Tutankhamun died'm the king of the Hittites, but these hypotheses and there was no conclusive evidence to prove all these theories .
It is worth mentioning that the historical evidence indicate the presence of two ministers of Tutankhamun, one iPhone that was mentioned and the other was named Horemheb There is archaeological evidence confirms that after the death of Tutankhamun receive Minister Aye reins of power for a short period to be replaced by the minister second Horemheb, who has been in the custody of damage most evidence of the reign of Tutankhamun and the minister Aye and this confirms for some conspiracy theory and the fact that the death of Tutankhamun due to malaria, which was prevalent in the south.
Causes of death
For a long time it was the cause of death of Tutankhamun's a controversial issue and there were a lot of conspiracy theories that suggest the idea that he was not dead, but was killed in the assassination. On March 8, 2005, as a result of the use of imaging software Alhariha three-dimensional three-dimensional CT scans on the mummy of Tutankhamun, said archaeologist Egyptian Zahi Hawass, that there was no no evidence that Tutankhamun may be offered to the assassination, adding that the hole in his skull does not belong to the cause received a blow on the head, as was previously thought, but was the events of this slot after death for the purpose of embalming and the ills of Zahi Hawass fracture in the femur left, which has long been linked to the theory of assassination as a result of a broken thigh bone suffered Tutankhamun before his death and may have inflammation resulting from the This break has caused his death.
Showed analyzes modern also said that the bone roof cavity oral for Tutankhamun was not complete and the length of the stature of Tutankhamun 170 cm and the length accidental skull greater than the length of natural prompting interconnected proposal disease Marfan syndrome Marfan's syndrome as a cause of death early this case genetic transported by autosomal dominant genes.
The final report of the team archaeologists Masri said the cause of death was blood poisoning as a result fracture in the femur he suffered Tutankhamun, which led to Alگanگran Gangrene which is a death of cells and tissues and analyzes result secretion of enzymes from the muscles of dead due to lack of oxygen to by blood .
Prior to this report, there were attempts to find out the cause of death using X-ray X-rays on the mummy of Tutankhamun took place at Liverpool University and the University of Michigan in 1968 and 1978, respectively, and reached الجامعتان to the discovery of dark spot under the skull of Tutankhamun from the back, which has been interpreted Knsep in brain, which led to the spread of the hypothesis that he had received a blow to the head led to bleeding in the brain and death.
In a study published in March 2010 showed that the cause of death of Tutankhamun is suffering from malaria and complications of a broken leg, the study also pointed to the presence of certain genetic diseases caused by a genetic defect inherited in the family.
The discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun
Valley of the Kings
The so-called Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the Nile River near Thebes for a period of 450 years during the reign of the modern state from the date of the ancient Egyptians, which lasted of 1539 to 1075 BC as a tomb for the pharaoh of this period where there is in this valley rock, which has an area of approximately 20,000 square meters 27 royal tombs belonging to the three families of the Egyptian family eighteenth and nineteenth Egyptian family and the twenty-Egyptian family was discovered reduce this day.
Believes that the valley has at least another 30 graves have not been discovered yet. Graves discovered in the Valley of the Kings so far, according to the chronological order of the rule of the Pharaohs back to Thutmose I and Omnhotپ II and Tutankhamun and Horemheb illusion of Egyptian family of eighteen, Ramses I, Seti I and Ramses II and Aminmcis and the City II and Siptah illusion of Egyptian family nineteen and six Nachta and Ramses III and Ramses IV Ramses V, Ramses IX They Twenty of the Egyptian family. There are other tombs of the Pharaohs unknown still ongoing attempts to knowledge.
The construction of the tomb of the pharaoh usually begins just days after his inauguration Pharaoh of Egypt and the construction will take probably decades, workers were using simple tools such as ax to dig thickly long and the formation of small rooms in the valley and over time there were tombs built over the graves of the other was split tunnels and canyons new lead mostly to clogging the mezzanine leading to the tomb of the pharaoh oldest, lack of systematic planning this was the main reason which led to the survival of these treasures and lack of exposure to theft of thousands of years.
The main shrine of the tomb of Tutankhamun
November 4, 1922, when he was an archaeologist and specialist in the history of ancient Egypt British Howard Carter, the excavations at the entrance to the tunnel leading to the tomb of Ramses VI in the Valley of the Kings noticed a cellar large and continued exploration flour to be entered into the room, which includes the tomb of Tutankhamun was on the walls of the room containing the mausoleum fees fantastic tells the form of pictures the story of the departure of Tutankhamun to the world of the dead, and the scene was very magnificence of the world Howard Carter, who was seen into the room through a hole in his hand a candle and said to his assistant asked him, "Can you see anything?" answer Carter "Yes, I see wonderful things."
On February 16, 1923 was Howard Carter (1874 - 1939) was the first man since more than 3000 years set foot on his land of the room containing the ark of Tutankhamun. Note Carter and a wooden box with carvings inlaid with gold in the middle of the room and when he raised the fund noted that the fund was covering the fund Second decorated with carvings inlaid with gold and when raising the second fund noted that the second fund was covering fund Third restaurant in gold and when you raise Fund III Carter to the sarcophagus which was covered with a thick layer of stone carved in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun, and when rising to this cover Stone Carter to Altabutalzhba Parent, who was in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun, and this was the coffin golden covers تابوتين Zhbeyen others in the form of statues of the Pharaoh, the young man. Met with Howard difficulty in lifting the shroud Golden III, who was covering the mummy of Tutankhamun for the mummy he thought Carter said exposing the shroud to heat sun summer Egypt اللاهبة will be capable of separating the shroud golden for mummy but his attempts failed and forced the latter to cut the shroud Golden into two halves to reach mummy who was wrapped in layers of silk and after the removal of the shroud made of cloth found the mummy of Tutankhamun fully decorated from necklaces, rings and crown and sticks and they were all of pure gold, to remove these artifacts had excavation team to the separation of the skull and bones main joints and after the removal of ornaments Group re installation structure Great for mummy and placed in a wooden coffin.
Show Mummy
Holdings of Tutankhamun's tomb
In February 2010 the Ministry of Tourism decided to allow displaying Egyptian Pharaonic mummy of King Tutankhamun's young to the public for the first time since discovered with golden ضريحها in the city of Luxor 85 years ago
The director of the Egyptian Antiquities Zahi Hawass as saying that Egyptian scientists began over two years ago restoration of the mummy of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, which suffered severe damage after graduation for a brief period of coffin stone when subjected to imaging scans and added that the bulk of the body of the mummy fragmented into 18 pieces look stones crashed parts when it was discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter first time and remove it from her grave and tried to remove the golden mask, which covered the face of King Tutankhamun and pointed out that the mystery surrounding Tutankhamun and his tomb Golden raised the curiosity and enthusiasm of the fans studies of ancient Egyptian since revealed Carter site Mummy in the November 4, 1922, and what was in store for the treasures of gold and precious stones.
The scientists had dragged mummy "Tutankhamun" from her grave and piled them on the table sophisticated CT scan for a quarter of an hour in 2005 in order to obtain a three-dimensional picture of the mummy older than 3,000 years. And has excluded the results of the medical examination to be the young pharaoh had died were killed, but was not able to precisely determine the manner of his death that occurred in the year 1323 BC. I discovered that the images of King Tutankhamun suffered a fracture in his left thigh, because of an accident probably led to his later killer disease could not be determined. As provided pictures at the time an unprecedented disclosure about the life of the young pharaoh, who is one of the most famous kings of ancient Egypt, of which he was healthy because of good nutrition despite the relatively transform the structure of which does not exceed Standing 170 cm tall when he died.
Attempts to find out the mystery death
On 17 February 2010 announced Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities at a news conference garden Egyptian Museum, a collection of scientific discoveries that solve many of the mysteries of the ends of the eighteenth dynasty, including the mystery of the death of Tutankhamen, Fbthalil DNA of the mummy of King Tut The results showed that the cause of death due to malaria parasite, and is likely to complications arising sharply about the disease led to his death, also revealed that DNA analysis and X-ray CT scanning for the mummy of Tutankhamun that King Akhenaten is the father of King Tut. The results also revealed that genetic and hereditary diseases played a role in the death of Tutankhamun, where he was suffering from a genetic defect inherited in the family and there was a weakness and disease in this mumeas, and problems related to heart and blood vessels. When the researchers conducted a survey of Tutankhamun's mummy, and found him with a number of diseases such as being Bahdodab in the spine, as well as deformation of the big toe, which led to the atrophy in his left foot.
Hawass said the ancient drawings depicting Tutankhamun is called arrows, while sitting in a horse-drawn cart, and not while standing, which is unusual .. In his grave, we found 100 walking stick, and at first we thought it represents power and strength, but turned out to be an old crutches was used, he can barely walk and walk. "
As explained by the senses to the survey
الكمبيوتري the mummy in 2005, was designed to ascertain that he had been killed, because the images previous X-ray revealed a hole in his skull, he said, adding it turned out that this hole was during the mummification process, but it was discovered broken the left leg bone, might have a role in the death of the young pharaoh.
The importance of the treasures of Tutankhamun
The importance of a group of King Tutankhamun to many reasons; First, the treasure of King Tutankhamun is the most complete treasure royal found him not unprecedented, it consists of three hundred and fifty-eight pieces include the golden mask wonderful and three coffins in the form of rights, one of pure gold and the other two of gilded wood. Second: that the luggage back to the family of eighteen months and brighter eras of the modern state as the country opened up to the regions of the ancient Near East through military campaigns and trade relations of the export and import of resources and manufactured products and the activity of the people of crafts and artists. Finally; that this array has remained in Egypt, and describes how it was the tomb Royal equips is there luggage everyday life dolls and toys, and a set of furniture incomplete, tools and military equipment, and statues of the gods related to bury the king and lead him one of the rituals, and with the trumpet of Tutankhamun famous made of silver and another of copper, and all this content now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Fourth: This treasure or group enormous know a lot of the life of the king and his love of fishing and his relationship with his wife, "Ankh teeth Amon" which is believed to be a cousin, as well as to see his most important works and his entourage, and finally the throne only one who reached us from the civilization of the ancient Egyptians.
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